Panca Maya Kosa

I. Panca Maya Kosa – Sapta Maya Kosa

            Tubuh manusia terdiri atas badan kasar (Sthula sarira) dan badan halus (suksma sarira). Badan kasar adalah badan biologis yang dapat dilihat dan dirasakan oleh panca indera, sedangkan badan halus adalah tubuh astral/ spiritual yang terbungkus atas lapisan-lapisan, yang dapat dianalogikan seperti lapisan-lapisan pada bawang. Semakin ke dalam, semakin mendekati core dari tubuh itu sendiri; atman. Panca maya kosa diuraikan secara detail dalam Taitriya Upanisad ( II. 1-5), yang kemudian kembali di interpretasikan oleh Sri Adi Sankaracarya dalam kitab Tattva-Bodhah sebagai berikut :

                “ ᾱtmᾱ kaḥ ? sthūla-suksma-kᾱrana-śarῑrᾱd-vyatiriktaḥ pancakośᾱtῑtaḥ

              San avasthᾱtrayasᾱksῑ saccidᾱnanda-svarūpaḥ san yastisthati sa ᾱtmᾱ ‖

Translation :

“ what is the self ? that which is other than the gross, subtle and causal bodies, beyond the five sheaths, the witness of the three states of consciousness and of the nature of existence- consciousness-bliss is the self. “

The annamaya kosa- the food sheath is the gross body made up of food. The pranamaya kosa- the vital air sheath guides all our physiological activities. The manomaya kosa- the mental sheath is the seat of all emotions. The vijnanamaya kosa- the intellectual sheath guides the body’s activities through the notion of doership. And the anandamaya kosa- the bliss sheath also called kᾱrana śarῑra, is our personality in its unmanifest condition.

Dalam kitab Yoga Sutra Patanjali (II.29), kitab yang lebih dulu muncul, dijelaskan mengenai Seven kośas (body sheats) and corresponding of consciousness; sebagai berikut :

Lebih dalam, pembahasan mengenai Saptadhᾱ, termuat dalam Yoga Sutra Patanjali (II.27) sebagai berikut :

            “ tasya saptadhᾱ prᾱnta-bhūmiḥ prajnᾱ”

Tasya, his (the yogῑs); saptadhᾱ, sevenfold; prᾱnta-bhūmiḥ, final place prajnᾱ, true insight, wisdom. The yogῑ’s true insight has seven ultimate stages.

There are seven frontiers to be integrated between the seen (prakrti) and the seer (purusa). The are: integration of the body (sarira samyama), the senses (indirya samyama), energy (prana samyama), mind (mano samyama), intellect (buddhi samyama), consciousness (citta samyama) and soul ( atma samyama), each realizing its own individual identity. Proficiency in Yoga will bring this sevenfold knowledge.

Table 1 : the seven states of consciousness * as described by Patanjali, Vyᾱsa and the Yoga Vasista and corresponding levels of knowledge and integration as described by the author.

Oleh Ni Wayan Sri Prabawati Kusuma Dewi,M.Pd.H